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The commonest diagnoses in patients with single, discrete cerebral mass lesions are primary tumours, metastasis, lymphoma and infection. We report two cases presenting with cerebral mass lesions in eloquent brain areas, consistent clinically and on initial neuroimaging with primary glioma, CNS lymphoma or abscess, which ultimately proved to be the result of highly unusual, nonneoplastic, non-infective processes. After exhaustive diagnostic workup, both male patients underwent biopsies of presumed malignant lesions before histological analysis resulted in a diagnosis of primary angiitis of the CNS (PACNS) in one case and inflammatory pseudotumour (IPT) in the other. We briefly discuss these notably rare aetiologies with an emphasis on the histological analysis instrumental in establishing the diagnosis.