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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It has been shown that thrombolytic therapy can improve clinical outcome in a subgroup of patients with acute cerebral ischemia. This subgroup was characterized by certain clinical and imaging findings (eg, moderate to severe neurological deficit for less than 3 to 6 hours, occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, lack of extended infarct signs on CT, and efficient leptomeningeal collaterals). Although not part of published prospective randomized rtPA trials, information about the status of the brain vessels would be helpful in the selection of patients who may benefit the most. Our purpose was to determine the feasibility of CT angiography (CTA) in patients with acute hemispheric ischemia and to evaluate its relevance for thrombolytic therapy. METHODS: CTA was performed in 40 consecutive patients (11 women and 29 men; age range, 19 to 80 years) with moderate or severe symptoms (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of > or =8) of acute hemispheric ischemia. CTA findings were compared with Doppler ultrasonography (US; n=22) and intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA; n=7). Twenty patients received thrombolytic therapy, the remaining patients received intravenous heparin. RESULTS: Images and 3-dimensional reconstructions of diagnostic quality could be obtained in all patients. Thirty-four patients had a vessel occlusion. The extent of leptomeningeal collaterals correlated significantly with the outcome after thrombolytic therapy (rs=0.46, P<0.05). The evaluation of diagnostic accuracy showed a high agreement with US (22 of 22) and DSA (6 of 7). CONCLUSIONS: CTA can provide important information for the initiation of therapy in patients with acute hemispheric ischemia. Identification of patients with autolyzed thrombi, occlusion of the internal carotid artery bifurcation, and poor leptomeningeal collaterals is feasible with the use of CTA. These patients may have little potential for benefit from thrombolytic therapy.