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Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of death from cancer in women. The standard first-line treatment for advanced ovarian cancer is a combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin or carboplatin alone. Sequential single-agent therapy is of particular interest in patients with symptom-free disease progression. Age, performance status and treatment preferences of the respective patient are further decisive factors which should be taken into account when selecting single or combination therapy. Second-line treatment depends, for instance, on the duration of response to first-line platinum therapy, previous treatment regimens used, tolerability, the patient's performance status and preference of a particular treatment, and cost-effectiveness. If tumor recurrence occurs within 6 months following platinum-based therapy, other agents such as paclitaxel, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, topotecan or gemcitabine should be used. If the tumor recurs after 6 months, a combination therapy of platinum and paclitaxel has proven to be the most effective. Reasonable options in progressive disease are treatment with platinum, either alone or combined with other agents, especially investigational compounds.