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Radiotherapy and surgery for early laryngeal cancer achieve comparably good results in patient survival, and the choice of treatment between them is being influenced increasingly by the expected voice quality and quality of life (QoL). The superiority of vocal function after radiotherapy has been shown in previous objective voice assessment studies. This study compared the QoL of long-term survivors after endoscopic laser surgery or radiotherapy for early laryngeal carcinoma. QoL was evaluated with two validated questionnaires: the global EORTC QLQ-C30 and the head- and neck-specific EORTC QLQ-H&N35. A total of 62 patients were included. Among 56 patients completing the questionnaires (90% completion rate) 40 were treated by endoscopic CO2 laser surgery and 16 with radiation therapy. All 56 patients showed a good global QoL with no significant difference between the two treatment modalities. The head- and neck-specific evaluation revealed significantly better scores for surgically treated patients in questions about swallowing of solid food, xerostomia, and tooth problems, but no difference in questions about voice quality. Both treatment modalities achieve good QoL after treatment of early laryngeal tumors. Irradiated patients mainly complain about xerostomia related problems. In contrast to objective measurements long-term survivors after surgery do not rate their voice poorer than irradiated patients. The EORTC questionnaires are validated and useful tools in assessing QoL and should further be used in prospective trials.