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485 HIV-positive patients have been treated at our institution in Bonn during 1985 to 1989. Mycobacterial infections occurred in twelve (2.5%) HIV-positive patients. Of 166 AIDS-manifestations according to CDC, eleven (6.6%) were mycobacterial infections. There occurred one case of miliary tuberculosis, six cases of extrapulmonary, one of disseminated tuberculosis and four cases of atypical mycobacteriosis. Mycobacteriosis other than tuberculosis (MOTT) were caused three times by Mycobacterium kansasii and once by Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. Tuberculosis was seen less often in haemophiliacs. Disseminated tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteriosis developed in late stages of HIV-infection with underlying severe immunodeficiency. The lung was the main target organ of tuberculosis. MOTT most often affected the gastrointestinal tract additionally. Noninvasive materials, first of all sputum and gastric acid, were reliably diagnostic but available with delay in particular cases. In those cases histologic studies proved helpful. Application of five-fold regimen (INH, RMP, EMB, PZA and SM) always succeeded in negative cultures in a mean of 15 days in all cases of tuberculosis. Two cases of atypical mycobacteriosis with Mycobacterium kansasii were treated with a five-fold regimen (one case with ciprofloxacin additionally) and culture-negative after six resp. 28 weeks of therapy.