Publikation
Association of Brain Atrophy With Disease Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel/Review - 16.05.2022
Granziera Cristina, Remonda Luca, Lieb Johanna M, Derfuss Tobias, Zecca Chiara, Bridel Claire, Pot Caroline, Salmen Anke, Chan Andrew, Findling Oliver, Wagner Franca, Vargas Maria I, Kuhle Jens, Kappos Ludwig, Leppert David, Gobbi Claudio, Cattin Philippe C, Weber Johannes, Pravatà Emanuele, Lalive Patrice H, Du Pasquier Renaud, Giulio Disanto, Vehoff Jochen, Melie-Garcia Lester, Weigel Matthias, Lu Po-Jui, Galbusera Riccardo, Rahmanzadeh Reza, Todea Ramona-Alexandra, Benkert Pascal, Barakovic Muhamed, Schaedelin Sabine, Ruberte Esther, Siebenborn Nina, Achtnichts Lutz, Müller Stefanie, Fischer-Barnicol Bettina, Lorscheider Johannes, Sinnecker Tim, Oechtering Johanna, Yaldizli Ozgür, Radue Ernst-Wilhelm, Battaglini Marco, Cagol Alessandro
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Importance
The mechanisms driving neurodegeneration and brain atrophy in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) are not completely understood.
Objective
To determine whether disability progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) in patients with RMS is associated with accelerated brain tissue loss.
Design, Setting, and Participants
In this observational, longitudinal cohort study with median (IQR) follow-up of 3.2 years (2.0-4.9), data were acquired from January 2012 to September 2019 in a consortium of tertiary university and nonuniversity referral hospitals. Patients were included if they had regular clinical follow-up and at least 2 brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans suitable for volumetric analysis. Data were analyzed between January 2020 and March 2021.
Exposures
According to the clinical evolution during the entire observation, patients were classified as those presenting (1) relapse activity only, (2) PIRA episodes only, (3) mixed activity, or (4) clinical stability.
Main Outcomes and Measures
Mean difference in annual percentage change (MD-APC) in brain volume/cortical thickness between groups, calculated after propensity score matching. Brain atrophy rates, and their association with the variables of interest, were explored with linear mixed-effect models.
Results
Included were 1904 brain MRI scans from 516 patients with RMS (67.4% female; mean [SD] age, 41.4 [11.1] years; median [IQR] Expanded Disability Status Scale score, 2.0 [1.5-3.0]). Scans with insufficient quality were excluded (n = 19). Radiological inflammatory activity was associated with increased atrophy rates in several brain compartments, while an increased annualized relapse rate was linked to accelerated deep gray matter (GM) volume loss. When compared with clinically stable patients, patients with PIRA had an increased rate of brain volume loss (MD-APC, -0.36; 95% CI, -0.60 to -0.12; P = .02), mainly driven by GM loss in the cerebral cortex. Patients who were relapsing presented increased whole brain atrophy (MD-APC, -0.18; 95% CI, -0.34 to -0.02; P = .04) with respect to clinically stable patients, with accelerated GM loss in both cerebral cortex and deep GM. No differences in brain atrophy rates were measured between patients with PIRA and those presenting relapse activity.
Conclusions and Relevance
Our study shows that patients with RMS and PIRA exhibit accelerated brain atrophy, especially in the cerebral cortex. These results point to the need to recognize the insidious manifestations of PIRA in clinical practice and to further evaluate treatment strategies for patients with PIRA in clinical trials.