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This study investigates antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of E.coli and P. aeruginosa isolated from patients with urinary tract infections or surgical site infections. The samples are collected from patients at St. Francis Referral Hospital in Ifakara, Tanzania. The study aims to close knowledge gaps by helping to define the resistance epidemiology and mechanisms for the above mentioned pathogens in Tanzania. It is intended to help improve infection control on site and serve as a guide for physicians in their choice of antimicrobial treatment. It is a large longitudinal study that also investigates risk factors for the selection of antibiotic resistance. The study is being conducted in cooperation with the Swiss Tropical Institute and is in the phase of patient/sample recruitment.