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RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES
This investigation aimed to evaluate the impact on treatment regimen and clinical outcome of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in patients with suspected gouty arthritis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed electronic medical records (EMR) of 39 patients (36 male, 3 female; age range, 36-85 years) who underwent DECT of peripheral joints because of suspected gouty arthritis. We assessed the prior medical history, lab results, treatment regimen, and medications before and after DECT, and changes in subjective severity of symptoms as stated by patients in the EMR. The presence of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the index joint was verified with DECT.

RESULTS
Several patients had a prior diagnosis of gout (n = 9), hyperuricemia (n = 6), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 3), or psoriatic arthritis (n = 3). Elevated uric acid blood levels were detected in 32 patients (82%) before DECT. On DECT, MSU crystals were detected in 23 patients (59%). Of the 36 cases, the current treatment regimen was modified after DECT to gout-specific therapy in 22 cases and other rheumatic diseases were targeted in 14 cases. Several medications were prescribed more frequently based after DECT compared to before DECT imaging, including steroids (n = 20 vs. n = 12, respectively), colchicine (n = 13 vs. n = 4, respectively), and urate-lowering medication (n = 18 vs. n = 11, respectively). A subjective reduction of clinical symptoms during cumulative follow-up was reported by 34 patients (87.2%).

CONCLUSIONS
Both positive and negative findings of MSU crystals on DECT have a significant impact on the treatment regimen and clinical outcome of patients with suspected gouty arthritis and facilitate differentiation from other rheumatic diseases.