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In selected cases acquired peroneal palsy is caused by intraneural ganglia. In contrast to the much more frequent "loco typico" lesion which is caused by external pressure, intraneural ganglia can be treated by microscopic nerve surgery as part of primary treatment strategy. A careful clinical history as well as a profound clinical and electrophysiological examination is required to disclose unusual findings. These are common in non-typical peroneal palsy. In this situation high resolution nerve sonography is a fast and sensitive method to detect intraneural ganglia. We report a case series of three patients with peroneal palsy caused by intraneural ganglia and give a review of the literature.