Publication

Hepatitis E virus as a cause of acute hepatitis acquired in Switzerland

Journal Paper/Review - Aug 23, 2017

Units
PubMed
Doi

Citation
Fraga M, Sahli R, Greub G, Telenti A, Aubert V, Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Stickel F, Semela D, Ripellino P, Mullhaupt B, Brunner F, Bihl F, Moulin H, Doerig C, Moradpour D. Hepatitis E virus as a cause of acute hepatitis acquired in Switzerland. Liver Int 2017
Type
Journal Paper/Review (English)
Journal
Liver Int 2017
Publication Date
Aug 23, 2017
Issn Electronic
1478-3231
Brief description/objective

BACKGROUND
Autochthonous hepatitis E is increasingly recognized as zoonotic infection in western countries. Serological assays have varying sensitivity and specificity.

METHODS
We implemented molecular testing to identify and characterize acute hepatitis E acquired in Switzerland.

RESULTS
Ninety-three cases of mostly symptomatic acute hepatitis E acquired in Switzerland were documented by PCR between November 2011 and December 2016. Median HEV RNA was 7.5 x 104 IU/mL (range, 5.3 to 4.7 x 107 IU/mL). HEV genotyping was successful in 78 patients, revealing genotype 3 in 75 and genotype 4 in three patients. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a few limited geographical and temporal clusters. Of the 91 patients with available anti-HEV IgM serology, four were negative; three of these were also IgG-negative, likely as a result of immunosuppression, and one was IgG-positive, a constellation compatible with HEV reinfection. Median age of the patients was 58 years (range, 20-80 years); 71 (76.3%) were men and 49 of these (69.0%) were ≥ 50 years old. The clinical course was particularly severe in patients with underlying chronic liver disease, with fatal outcome in two patients. Six patients (6.5%) presented with neuralgic amyotrophy.

CONCLUSIONS
Nucleic acid-based diagnosis reveals HEV as a relevant cause of acute hepatitis in Switzerland. Middle-aged and elderly men constitute the majority of symptomatic patients. Testing for HEV should be included early in the diagnostic workup of acute hepatitis and of neuralgic amyotrophy, a typical extrahepatic manifestation of HEV genotype 3 infection.