Units

PubMed

Doi

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Citation

Type

Journal

Publication Date

Issn Electronic

Pages

Brief description/objective

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study is to report the geometric range of angle kappa formation in patients with and without strabismus.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
This is a retrospective study of three patients with angle kappa in different planes. Routine eye examinations, including visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, and ophthalmoscopy, were performed. A thorough orthoptic examination revealed a notable difference between the prism and alternate-cover test and the Hirschberg measurements.

RESULTS
The first patient exhibited a bilateral vertical angle kappa into opposite directions due to retinochoroidal scars. Two other patients presented with horizontal angle kappa deviations. In one patient a true accommodative esotropia was exaggerated by a right negative angle kappa. The other patient had a pseudoexotropia due to bilateral positive angle kappa. Macular ectopia was noted in all cases.

CONCLUSIONS
The patients herein reported demonstrate a marked variability of angle kappa occurrence in the horizontal and vertical plane. The angle kappa can exaggerate or conceal the size of the true heterotropia.