Consolidation and Maintenance in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

Publication

Consolidation and Maintenance in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

Journal Paper/Review - Sep 14, 2021

Sonneveld Pieter, Driessen Christoph, Pour Luca, Levin Mark-David, Bos Gerard, Ypma Paula F, Wu KaLung, van de Velden Vincent, Oliva Stefania, Broijl Annemiek, Croockewit Alexandra, Boccadoro Mario, Spencer Andrew, Palumbo Giuseppe A, Offidani Massimo, van de Donk Niels W C J, Hveding Cecilie, Waage Anders, Minnema Monique C, Troia Rosella, Cornelisse Petra, Zamagni Elena, Zander Thilo, Zweegman Sonja, Ludwig Heinz, Aquino Sara, van der Holt Bronno, Beksac Meral, Dimopoulos Meletios A, Wester Ruth, Hájek Roman, Gulbrandsen Nina, Gregersen Henrik, Morelli Annamaria, De Rosa Luca, Cafro AnneMaria, Gay Francesca, Dozza Luca, Pantani Lucia, Cavo Michele

Citation

Sonneveld P, Driessen C, Pour L, Levin M, Bos G, Ypma P, Wu K, van de Velden V, Oliva S, Broijl A, Croockewit A, Boccadoro M, Spencer A, Palumbo G, Offidani M, van de Donk N, Hveding C, Waage A, Minnema M, Troia R, Cornelisse P, Zamagni E, Zander T, Zweegman S, Ludwig H, Aquino S, van der Holt B, Beksac M, Dimopoulos M, Wester R, Hájek R, Gulbrandsen N, Gregersen H, Morelli A, De Rosa L, Cafro A, Gay F, Dozza L, Pantani L, Cavo M. Consolidation and Maintenance in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:3613-3622.

Type

Journal Paper/Review (English)

Journal

J Clin Oncol 2021; 39

Publication Date

Sep 14, 2021

Issn Electronic

1527-7755

Pages

3613-3622

Brief description/objective

PURPOSE
To address the role of consolidation treatment for newly diagnosed, transplant eligible patients with multiple myeloma in a controlled clinical trial.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The EMN02/HOVON95 trial compared consolidation treatment with two cycles of bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (VRD) or no consolidation after induction and intensification therapy, followed by continuous lenalidomide maintenance. Primary study end point was progression-free survival (PFS).

RESULTS
Eight hundred seventy-eight eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive VRD consolidation (451 patients) or no consolidation (427 patients). At a median follow-up of 74.8 months, median PFS with adjustment for pretreatment was prolonged in patients randomly assigned to VRD consolidation (59.3 42.9 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.96; = .016). The PFS benefit was observed across most predefined subgroups, including revised International Staging System (ISS) stage, cytogenetics, and prior treatment. Revised ISS3 stage (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.41 to 2.86) and ampl1q (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.37 to 2.04) were significant adverse prognostic factors. The median duration of maintenance was 33 months (interquartile range 13-86 months). Response ≥ complete response (CR) after consolidation versus no consolidation before start of maintenance was 34% versus 18%, respectively ( < .001). Response ≥ CR on protocol including maintenance was 59% with consolidation and 46% without ( < .001). Minimal residual disease analysis by flow cytometry in a subgroup of 226 patients with CR or stringent complete response or very good partial response before start of maintenance demonstrated a 74% minimal residual disease-negativity rate in VRD-treated patients. Toxicity from VRD was acceptable and manageable.

CONCLUSION
Consolidation treatment with VRD followed by lenalidomide maintenance improves PFS and depth of response in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma as compared to maintenance alone.