Publication

Implications of early respiratory support strategies on disease progression in critical COVID-19: a matched subanalysis of the prospective RISC-19-ICU cohort

Journal Paper/Review - May 25, 2021

Units
PubMed
Doi

Citation
RISC-19-ICU Investigators, Selz D, Stephan M, Studhalter M, Redecker H, Hübner T, Marquardt K, Ceruti S, Baltussen Weber A, Perez M, Fleisch I, Marrel J, Bürkle C, Grazioli S, Cereghetti S, Pietsch U, Ristic A, Roche-Campo F, Hilty M, Schuepbach R, Guerci P, Montomoli J, Fumeaux T, Heuberger D, Colak E, Haberthuer C, Gaspert T, Fodor P, Franchitti Laurent M, Meyer Zu Bentrup F, Heise A, Ksouri H, Dullenkopf A, Hillgaertner F, Potalivo A, Turrini F, Colombo R, Wu M, Kleger G, Fogagnolo A, Korsos A, Wengenmayer T, Tschoellitsch T, David S, Yuen B, Alfaro-Farias M, Buehler P, Aguirre-Bermeo H, Rezoagli E, Rodríguez-García R, Salomon P, Laube M, Jeitziner M, Wiegand J, Merki L, Siegemund M, Schott P, Gehring N, Michot M, Ensner R, Lozano-Gómez H, Martín-Delgado M, Lander-Azcona A, Castro P, Wendel Garcia P. Implications of early respiratory support strategies on disease progression in critical COVID-19: a matched subanalysis of the prospective RISC-19-ICU cohort. Crit Care 2021; 25:175.
Type
Journal Paper/Review (English)
Journal
Crit Care 2021; 25
Publication Date
May 25, 2021
Issn Electronic
1466-609X
Pages
175
Brief description/objective

BACKGROUND
Uncertainty about the optimal respiratory support strategies in critically ill COVID-19 patients is widespread. While the risks and benefits of noninvasive techniques versus early invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) are intensely debated, actual evidence is lacking. We sought to assess the risks and benefits of different respiratory support strategies, employed in intensive care units during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic on intubation and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality rates.

METHODS
Subanalysis of a prospective, multinational registry of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Patients were subclassified into standard oxygen therapy ≥10 L/min (SOT), high-flow oxygen therapy (HFNC), noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIV), and early IMV, according to the respiratory support strategy employed at the day of admission to ICU. Propensity score matching was performed to ensure comparability between groups.

RESULTS
Initially, 1421 patients were assessed for possible study inclusion. Of these, 351 patients (85 SOT, 87 HFNC, 87 NIV, and 92 IMV) remained eligible for full analysis after propensity score matching. 55% of patients initially receiving noninvasive respiratory support required IMV. The intubation rate was lower in patients initially ventilated with HFNC and NIV compared to those who received SOT (SOT: 64%, HFNC: 52%, NIV: 49%, p = 0.025). Compared to the other respiratory support strategies, NIV was associated with a higher overall ICU mortality (SOT: 18%, HFNC: 20%, NIV: 37%, IMV: 25%, p = 0.016).

CONCLUSION
In this cohort of critically ill patients with COVID-19, a trial of HFNC appeared to be the most balanced initial respiratory support strategy, given the reduced intubation rate and comparable ICU mortality rate. Nonetheless, considering the uncertainty and stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, SOT and early IMV represented safe initial respiratory support strategies. The presented findings, in agreement with classic ARDS literature, suggest that NIV should be avoided whenever possible due to the elevated ICU mortality risk.