Publication

Call for uniform neuropsychological assessment after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Swiss recommendations

Journal Paper/Review - Jul 16, 2015

Units
PubMed
Doi

Citation
Zweifel-Zehnder A, Keller E, Regli L, Fandino J, Mariani L, Raabe A, Daniel R, Reinert M, Robert T, Schatlo B, Bijlenga P, Schaller K, Monsch A, Fournier J, Hildebrandt G, Stienen M, Chicherio C, Studerus-Germann A, Bläsi S, Rossi S, Gutbrod K, Schmid N, Beaud V, Mondadori C, Brugger P, Sacco L, Müri R, Swiss SOS study group. Call for uniform neuropsychological assessment after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Swiss recommendations. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2015; 157:1449-58.
Type
Journal Paper/Review (English)
Journal
Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2015; 157
Publication Date
Jul 16, 2015
Issn Electronic
0942-0940
Pages
1449-58
Brief description/objective

BACKGROUND
In a high proportion of patients with favorable outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), neuropsychological deficits, depression, anxiety, and fatigue are responsible for the inability to return to their regular premorbid life and pursue their professional careers. These problems often remain unrecognized, as no recommendations concerning a standardized comprehensive assessment have yet found entry into clinical routines.

METHODS
To establish a nationwide standard concerning a comprehensive assessment after aSAH, representatives of all neuropsychological and neurosurgical departments of those eight Swiss centers treating acute aSAH have agreed on a common protocol. In addition, a battery of questionnaires and neuropsychological tests was selected, optimally suited to the deficits found most prevalent in aSAH patients that was available in different languages and standardized.

RESULTS
We propose a baseline inpatient neuropsychological screening using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) between days 14 and 28 after aSAH. In an outpatient setting at 3 and 12 months after bleeding, we recommend a neuropsychological examination, testing all relevant domains including attention, speed of information processing, executive functions, verbal and visual learning/memory, language, visuo-perceptual abilities, and premorbid intelligence. In addition, a detailed assessment capturing anxiety, depression, fatigue, symptoms of frontal lobe affection, and quality of life should be performed.

CONCLUSIONS
This standardized neuropsychological assessment will lead to a more comprehensive assessment of the patient, facilitate the detection and subsequent treatment of previously unrecognized but relevant impairments, and help to determine the incidence, characteristics, modifiable risk factors, and the clinical course of these impairments after aSAH.